The Royal Family of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

HOUSE OF WINDSOR

2022–PRESENT •HM CHARLES III PHILIP ARTHUR GEORGE, KING OF THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND, styled By the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of His Other Realms and Territories King, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith (Carolus III, Dei Gratia Britanniarum Regnorumque Suorum Ceterorum Rex, Consortionis Populorum Princeps, Fidei Defensor), crowned at Westminster Abbey, London 6 May 2023, born at Buckingham Palace, London 14 November 1948, educated at Gordonstoun School, University of Cambridge (MA 1975), married first at St Paul’s Cathedral, London 29 July 1981 (divorced 28 August 1996) Lady Diana Frances SPENCER (born at Park House, Sandringham, Norfolk 1 July 1961; died at Paris, France 31 August 1997, buried at Althorp, Northamptonshire), youngest daughter of Edward John SPENCER, 8th Earl Spencer, MVO and his first wife Hon Frances Ruth ROCHE, and has issue,

1a •HRH The Prince William Arthur Philip Louis, Prince OF Wales, KG, KT, PC, ADC, born at London 21 June 1982, educated at Eton College, University of St Andrews (MA 2005), and Royal Military Academy Sandhurst, married at Westminster Abbey, London 29 April 2011 •Catherine Elizabeth MIDDLETON, GCVO (born at Reading, Berkshire 9 January 1982), elder daughter of Michael Francis MIDDLETON and his wife Carole Elizabeth GOLDSMITH, and has issue,

1b •HRH Prince George Alexander Louis OF WALES, born at London 22 July 2013.

2b •HRH Princess Charlotte Elizabeth Diana OF WALES, born at London 2 May 2015.

3b •HRH Prince Louis Arthur Charles OF WALES, born at London 23 April 2018.

2a •HRH The Prince Henry (Harry) Charles Albert David, Duke OF SUSSEX, KCVO, born at London 15 September 1984, educated at Eton College, and Royal Military Academy Sandhurst, married at St George’s Chapel, Windsor Castle 19 May 2018 •Rachel Meghan MARKLE (born at Los Angeles, California, USA 4 August 1981), formerly wife of Trevor Jeo ENGELSON, and only child of Thomas Wayne MARKLE, Sr and his second wife Doria Loyce RAGLAND, and has issue,

1b •HRH Prince Archie Harrison of Sussex, born at London 6 May 2019.

2b •HRH Princess Lilibet Diana of Sussex, born at Santa Barbara, California, USA 4 June 2021.

(continued) •HM CHARLES III, KING OF THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND, married second at Windsor Guildhall, Windsor, Berkshire 9 April 2005 •Camilla Rosemary SHAND, LG, LT, ONZ, GCVO, GBE, CSM, CD, PC (born at London 17 July 1947), formerly wife of Brigadier Andrew Henry PARKER BOWLES, OBE, and elder daughter of Major Bruce Middleton Hope SHAND, MC and his wife Hon Rosalind Maud CUBITT.

Lineage of the Kings and Queens of England, Scotland, Ireland and
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 1066–Present

1066–1087 William I the Conqueror, King of England, the first of the House of NORMANDY, styled Willelmus Rex Anglorum, obtained the crown by conquest 14 October 1066, crowned at Westminster Abbey, London 25 December 1066, son of Robert II the Magnificent, Duke of Normandy 1027–35 and Herleva of Falaise, born at Falaise, Normandy 1027, married 1053 Matilda of Flanders (died at Caen 2 November 1083, buried at Abbey of Sainte-Trinité, Caen), daughter of Baudouin V, Count of Flanders 1035–67 and his wife Adèle of France, and died at the Priory of St Gervais, Rouen 9 September 1087 (buried at Abbey of Saint-Étienne, Caen), when he was succeeded by his third son,

1087–1100 William II Rufus, King of England, styled Dei Gratia Rex Anglorum, crowned at Westminster Abbey, London 26 September 1087, born at Normandy 1056; died unmarried while hunting in the New Forest 2 August 1100 (buried at Winchester Cathedral), when he was succeeded by his younger brother,

1100–1135 Henry I Beauclerc, King of England, styled Dei Gratia Rex Anglorum, crowned at Westminster Abbey, London 6 August 1100, born at Selby, Yorkshire September 1068, married first at Westminster Abbey, London 11 November 1100 Edith (Matilda) of Scotland (born at Dunfermline 1079; died at Palace of Westminster, London 1 May 1118, buried at Westminster Abbey, London), elder daughter of Malcolm III Canmore, King of Scots 1058–93 and his second wife St Margaret of Scotland. Henry I, King of England, married second at Windsor 29 January 1121 Adeliza of Louvain (married second 1138 William d’Aubigny, 1st Earl of Arundel (died 12 October 1176), and died at Afflighem, Flanders 23 April 1151), daughter of Godfrey I the Bearded, Duke of Lower Lorraine 1095–1139 and his first wife Ida of Namur, and died at St Denis-le-Fermont, Rouen 1 December 1135 (buried at Reading Abbey, Berkshire), when he was succeeded by his daughter,

1141 Matilda, Queen of England, received the Oath of Fealty as heiress presumptive following the deaths of her brothers, proclaimed at Winchester 1141, never crowned and renounced her claim 1152 in favour of her cousin, Stephen, King of England 1135–54 (see below), for his life with remainder to her eldest son Henry II Curtmantle, King of England 1154–89 (see below), born 1103, married first at Mainz 7 January 1114 Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor 1111–25 (born at Goslar, Saxony 11 August 1086; died at Utrecht, Friesland 23 May 1125, buried at Speyer Cathedral), third son of Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor 1084–1105 and his wife Bertha of Savoy. Matilda, Queen of England, married second at Le Mans 22 May 1127 Geoffrey V Plantagenet, Count of Anjou 1129–51 and Duke of Normandy 1144–51 (born 24 August 1113; died at Château-du-Loir 7 September 1151, buried at Cathédrale St Julien, Le Mans), elder son of Fulk V, Count of Anjou 1109–29 and his wife Ermengarde of Maine, and died at Rouen 10 September 1167 (buried at Abbaye Notre-Dame, Bec, and reburied at Cathédrale Notre-Dame, Rouen), and was succeeded by her first cousin,

1135–1154 Stephen, King of England, styled Rex Anglorum, Dux Normannorum, took the Oath of Fealty to his cousin Matilda, Queen of England 1141 (see above), as heir presumptive of England, but usurped the crown on the death of Henry I Beauclerc, King of England 1100–35 (see above), crowned at Westminster Abbey, London 26 December 1135, born at Blois circa 1096, married circa 1123 Matilda I, Countess of Boulogne 1125–52 (born at Boulogne circa 1105; died at Hedingham Castle, Essex 3 May 1152, buried at Faversham Abbey, Kent), only daughter and heiress of Eustace III, Count of Boulogne 1087–1125 and his wife Mary of Scotland, and died at Dover, Kent 25 October 1154 (buried at Faversham Abbey, Kent), when he was succeeded by his first cousin’s son,

1154–1189 Henry II Curtmantle, King of England, the first of the House of PLANTAGENET, styled Rex Angliae, Dux Normanniae et Aquitainiae et Comes Andegaviae, crowned at Westminster Abbey, London 19 December 1154, born at Le Mans 5 March 1133, married 18 May 1152 Eleanor of Aquitaine (died at Fontevraud 31 March 1204, buried at Fontevraud Abbey, Anjou), formerly wife of Louis VII, King of France 1137–80, and elder daughter and heiress of William X the Saint, Duke of Aquitaine 1126–37 and his wife Aénor of Châtellerault, and died at Château de Chinon, Tours 6 July 1189 (buried at Fontevraud Abbey, Anjou), when he was succeeded by his third son,

1189–1199 Richard I the Lionheart, King of England, styled Rex Angliae, Dux Normanniae et Aquitainiae et Comes Andegaviae, crowned at Westminster Abbey, London 3 September 1189, born at Beaumont Palace, Oxford 8 September 1157, married at Chapel of St George, Limassol, Cyprus 12 May 1191 Berengaria of Navarre (died at L’Abbaye de l’Epau, Le Mans 23 December 1230, buried at L’Abbaye de l’Epau, Le Mans), eldest daughter of Sancho VI the Wise, King of Navarre 1150–94 and his wife Sancha of Castile, and was killed in battle at the siege of Château de Chalus-Chabrol without issue 6 April 1199 (buried at Fontevraud Abbey, Anjou), when he was succeeded by his younger brother,

1199–1216 John Lackland, King of England, styled Rex Angliae, Dominus Hiberniae, Dux Normanniae, et Dux Aquitaniae, crowned at Westminster Abbey, London 27 May 1199, born at Beaumont Palace, Oxford 24 December 1166, married first at Marlborough Castle, Wiltshire 29 August 1189 (annulled 1200) Isabella of Gloucester (married second 1213 Geoffrey FitzGeoffrey de Mandeville, 2nd Earl of Essex (died 23 February 1216); and married third October 1217, as his third wife, Hubert de Burgh, 1st Earl of Kent (died 1243), and died circa 18 November 1217, buried at Canterbury Cathedral), youngest daughter and co-heiress of William Fitz Robert, 2nd Earl of Gloucester and his wife Hawise de Beaumont. John, King of England, married second at Bordeaux 24 August 1200 Isabella of Angoulême (married second circa 1220 Hugh de Lusignan, Count of La Marche (died at Angoulême 1249), and died at Fontevraud Abbey, Anjou 31 May 1246, buried at Fontevraud Abbey, Anjou), only daughter and heiress of Aymer de Valence, Count of Angoulême and his wife Alice of Courtenay, and died at Newark Castle, Nottinghamshire 18 October 1216 (buried at Worcester Cathedral), when he was succeeded by his eldest son,

1216–1272 Henry III, King of England, styled Rex Angliae, Dominus Hiberniae, Dux Normanniae, et Dux Aquitaniae until 1259 and then Rex Angliae, Dominus Hiberniae et Dux Aquitaniae, crowned at Gloucester Cathedral 28 October 1216, born at Winchester Castle 1 October 1207, married at Canterbury Cathedral 4 January 1236 Eleanor of Provence (born at Aix-en-Provence circa 1223; died a nun at Amesbury, Wiltshire 24 June 1291, buried at Abbey of St Mary and St Melor, Amesbury), second daughter and co-heiress of Raymond Berenger V, Count of Provence 1209–45 and his wife Beatrice of Savoy, and died at Palace of Westminster, London 16 November 1272 (buried at Westminster Abbey, London), when he was succeeded by his eldest son,

1272–1307 Edward I Longshanks, King of England, styled Rex Angliae, Dominus Hiberniae et Dux Aquitaniae, crowned at Westminster Abbey, London 19 August 1274, born at Palace of Westminster, London 17 June 1239, married first at Abbey of Santa María la Real de Las Huelgas, Burgos 13 October 1254 Eleanor of Castile (died at Herdeby, Lincolnshire 24 November 1290, buried at Westminster Abbey, London), daughter of St Ferdinand III, King of Castile 1217–52 and his second wife Joan of Dammartin. Edward I, King of England, married second at Canterbury 8 September 1299 Margaret of France (died at Marlborough Castle, Wiltshire 14 February 1317, buried at Christ Church Greyfriars, London), youngest daughter of Philip III the Bold, King of France 1270–85 and his second wife Marie of Brabant, and died at Burgh-on-the-Sands, Carlisle 8 July 1307 (buried at Westminster Abbey, London), when he was succeeded by his youngest son,

1307–1327 Edward II of Carnarvon, King of England, styled Rex Angliae, Dominus Hiberniae et Dux Aquitaniae, crowned at Westminster Abbey, London 25 February 1308, deposed 30 January 1327, born at Carnarvon Castle 25 April 1284, married at Boulogne 28 January 1308 Isabella of France (died at Castle Rising, Norfolk 22 August 1358, buried at Christ Church Greyfriars, London), youngest daughter of Philip IV the Fair, King of France 1285–1314 and his wife Joan of Navarre, and was murdered at Berkeley Castle, Gloucestershire 21 September 1327 (buried at Gloucester Cathedral), when he was succeeded by his elder son,

1327–1377 Edward III, King of England, styled Rex Angliae, Dominus Hiberniae et Dux Aquitaniae until 1340 and then Rex Angliae et Franciae et Dominus Hiberniae, crowned at Westminster Abbey, London 1 February 1327, born at Windsor Castle 13 November 1312, married at York Minster 24 January 1328 Philippa of Hainaut (born at Valenciennes 24 June 1314; died at Windsor Castle 14 August 1369, buried at Westminster Abbey, London), third daughter of William I, Count of Hainault 1304–37 and his wife Joan of Valois, and died at Sheen Palace, Surrey 21 June 1377 (buried at Westminster Abbey, London), when he was succeeded by his grandson,

1377–1399 Richard II, King of England, styled Rex Angliae et Franciae et Dominus Hiberniae, crowned at Westminster Abbey, London 16 July 1377, deposed 30 September 1399, born at Bordeaux 6 January 1367, married first at Palace of Westminster, London 22 January 1383 Anne of Bohemia (born at Prague 11 May 1366; died without issue at Sheen Palace, Surrey 7 June 1394, buried at Westminster Abbey, London), eldest daughter of Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor 1355–78 and his fourth wife Elizabeth of Pomerania. Richard II, King of England, married second at Calais 31 October 1396 Isabella of Valois (born Chateau du Louvre 9 November 1389, married second at Compiègne 29 June 1406 Charles I, Duke of Orléans 1407–65 (born 24 November 1394; died at Amboise 5 January 1465), and died at Blois 13 September 1409, buried at Blois, and reburied at Paris), second daughter of Charles VI the Mad, King of France 1380–1422 and his wife Isabeau of Bavaria (see below), and was murdered at Pontefract Castle, Yorkshire 14 February 1400 (buried at Kings Langley, and reburied at Westminster Abbey, London), and was succeeded by his first cousin,

1399–1413 Henry IV, King of England, styled Rex Angliae et Franciae et Dominus Hiberniae, crowned at Westminster Abbey, London 13 October 1399, born at Bolingbroke Castle, Lincolnshire 4 April 1366, married first July 1380 Lady Mary de Bohun (died at Peterborough Castle 4 July 1394, buried at Leicester), second daughter and co-heir of Sir Humphrey de Bohun, 7th Earl of Hereford, 6th Earl of Essex, 2nd Earl of Northampton, KG and his wife Lady Joan FitzAlan. Henry IV, King of England, married second at Winchester Cathedral 7 February 1403 Joan of Navarre (died at Havering-atte-Bower 9 July 1437, buried at Canterbury Cathedral), widow of John V de Montfort, Duke of Brittany 1345–99, and third daughter of Charles II the Bad, King of Navarre 1349–87 and his wife Joan of Valois, and died at Palace of Westminster, London 20 March 1413 (buried at Canterbury Cathedral), when he was succeeded by his eldest son,

1413–1422 Henry V, King of England, styled Rex Angliae et Franciae et Dominus Hiberniae until 1420 and then Rex Angliae, Haeres et Regens Franciae, et Dominus Hiberniae, crowned at Westminster Abbey, London 9 April 1413, born at Monmouth Castle, Monmouthshire 16 September 1386, married at Troyes 2 June 1420 Catherine of Valois (born at Hôtel Saint-Pol, Paris 27 October 1401, married second circa 1428 Sir Owain ap Maredudd ap Tudur (Owen Tudor) (died 4 February 1461), and died at Bermondsey Abbey 3 January 1437, buried at Westminster Abbey, London), youngest daughter of Charles VI the Mad, King of France 1380–1422 and his wife Isabeau of Bavaria (see above), and died at Château de Vincennes, France 31 August 1422 (buried at Westminster Abbey, London), when he was succeeded by his only son,

1422–1461 and 1470–1471 Henry VI, King of England, styled Rex Angliae et Franciae et Dominus Hiberniae, crowned at Westminster Abbey, London 6 November 1429, deposed 4 March 1461, restored 3 October 1470, again deposed 11 April 1471, born at Windsor Castle 6 December 1421, married at Tichfield Abbey, Hampshire 22 April 1445 Margaret of Anjou (born at Pont-a-Mousson 23 March 1429; died at Anjou 25 August 1482, buried at Cathédrale Saint-Maurice, Angers), second daughter of René I, Duke of Anjou and Count of Provence 1434–80, Count of Piedmont and Duke of Bar 1430–80, Duke of Lorraine 1431–53, King of Naples 1435–42, titular 1442–80, titular King of Jerusalem 1438–80 and Aragon including Sicily, Majorca, Corsica 1466–80 and his wife Isabella, Duchess of Lorraine, and died at the Tower of London 21 May 1471 (buried at Chertsey Abbey, and reburied at St George’s Chapel, Windsor Castle), when he was succeeded by his third cousin,

1461–1470 and 1471–1483 Edward IV, King of England, styled Rex Angliae et Franciae et Dominus Hiberniae, proclaimed 4 March 1461, crowned at Westminster Abbey, London 28 June 1461, deposed 3 October 1470, restored 11 April 1471, born at Rouen 28 April 1442, married at Grafton, Northamptonshire 1 May 1464 Elizabeth Woodville (born at Grafton Regis circa 1437; died at Bermondsey Abbey 8 June 1492, buried at St George’s Chapel, Windsor Castle), widow of Sir John Grey, of Groby, and eldest daughter of Sir Richard Woodville, 1st Earl of Rivers, KG and his wife Jacquetta of Luxembourg, and died at Palace of Westminster, London 9 April 1483 (buried at St George’s Chapel, Windsor Castle), when he was succeeded by his eldest son,

1483 Edward V, King of England, styled Rex Angliae et Franciae et Dominus Hiberniae, never crowned, deposed 25 June 1483, born at Westminster Abbey, London 4 November 1470, and is supposed to have been murdered at the Tower of London July 1483, when he was succeeded by his uncle,

1483–1485 Richard III, King of England, styled Rex Angliae et Franciae et Dominus Hiberniae, crowned at Westminster Abbey, London 6 July 1483, born at Fotheringhay Castle, Northamptonshire 2 October 1452, married Lady Anne Neville (born at Warwick Castle 11 June 1456; died at Palace of Westminster, London 16 March 1485, buried at Westminster Abbey, London), widow of Edward, Prince of Wales 1454–71, and younger daughter and co-heiress of Sir Richard Neville, 1st Earl of Warwick, KG and his wife Lady Anne de Beauchamp, and was killed at the Battle of Bosworth Field 22 August 1485 (buried at Greyfriars, Leicester, and reburied at Leicester Cathedral 26 March 2015), when he was succeeded by his cousin,

1485–1509 Henry VII, King of England, the first of the House of TUDOR, styled Rex Angliae et Franciae et Dominus Hiberniae, crowned at Westminster Abbey, London 30 October 1485, born at Pembroke Castle 28 January 1457, married at Westminster Abbey, London 18 January 1486 Princess Elizabeth of York (born at Palace of Westminster, London 11 February 1466; died at the Tower of London 11 February 1503, buried at Westminster Abbey, London), eldest daughter of Edward IV, King of England 1461–70 and 1471–83 and his wife Elizabeth Woodville (see above), and died at Richmond Palace, London 21 April 1509 (buried at Westminster Abbey, London), when he was succeeded by his second son,

1509–1547 HM Henry VIII, King of England and Ireland, styled Rex Angliae et Franciae et Dominus Hiberniae until 1521 and then By the Grace of God, King of England and France, Defender of the Faith (Papal Bull 11 October 1521) and Lord of Ireland until 1535 and then By the Grace of God, King of England and France, Defender of the Faith, Lord of Ireland, and of the Church of England in Earth Supreme Head until 1536 and then By the Grace of God, King of England and France, Defender of the Faith, Lord of Ireland, and of the Church of England and of Ireland in Earth Supreme Head until 1542 and then By the Grace of God, King of England, France and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, and of the Church of England and of Ireland in Earth Supreme Head, crowned at Westminster Abbey, London 24 June 1509, born at Greenwich Palace, London 28 June 1491, married first (Papal Dispensation) at Greenwich Palace, London 11 June 1509 (declared null and void by Thomas Cranmer, Archbishop of Canterbury 23 May 1533 and ‘utterly dissolved’ by Act of Parliament March 1534) Catherine of Aragon (born at Archbishop’s Palace, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid 16 December 1485; died at Kimbolton Castle 7 January 1536, buried at Peterborough Cathedral), widow of Arthur, Prince of Wales 1486–1502, and youngest daughter of Ferdinand II the Catholic, King of Aragon 1479–1516 and his first wife Isabella I, Queen of Castile and León 1474–1504. HM Henry VIII, King of England and Ireland, married second at London 25 January 1533 (declared valid by Thomas Cranmer, Archbishop of Canterbury 28 May 1533 and invalid by him 17 May 1536) Anne Boleyn, created Marchioness of Pembroke 1 September 1532 (beheaded at Tower Green, London 19 May 1536, buried at Chapel Royal of St Peter ad Vincula, Tower of London), younger daughter of Sir Thomas Boleyn, 1st Earl of Wiltshire and Ormonde, KG and his wife Lady Elizabeth Howard. HM Henry VIII, King of England and Ireland, married third (dispensation from Thomas Cranmer, Archbishop of Canterbury) at Palace of Whitehall, London 30 May 1536 Jane Seymour (died at Hampton Court Palace 24 October 1537, buried at St George’s Chapel, Windsor Castle), eldest daughter of Sir John Seymour, Knight Banneret and his wife Margery Wentworth. HM Henry VIII, King of England and Ireland, married fourth at Greenwich Palace, London 6 January 1539 (dispensation from Thomas Cranmer, Archbishop of Canterbury and annulled by him 9 July 1540) Anne of Cleves (born at Düsseldorf 22 September 1515; died without issue at Chelsea Manor 17 July 1557, buried at Westminster Abbey, London), second daughter of John III the Peaceful, Duke of Cleves 1521–39 and his wife Maria of Jülich-Berg. HM Henry VIII, King of England and Ireland, married fifth at Oatlands Palace 28 July 1540 Catherine Howard (beheaded at Tower Green, London 13 February 1542, buried at Chapel Royal of St Peter ad Vincula, Tower of London), second daughter of Lord Edmund Howard and his first wife Joyce Culpeper. HM Henry VIII, King of England and Ireland, married sixth at Hampton Court Palace 12 July 1543 Catherine Parr (married fourth 3 March 1547 Sir Thomas Seymour, 1st Baron Seymour of Sudeley, KG, Lord High Admiral of England 1547–49, brother of Jane Seymour (see above), and died at Sudeley Castle, Gloucester 5 September 1548, buried at Sudeley Castle), widow of (1) Sir Edward Burgh, and of (2) John Nevill, 3rd Baron Latimer, and elder daughter of Sir Thomas Parr, of Kendal and his wife Maud Green, and died at Palace of Whitehall, London 28 January 1547 (buried at St George’s Chapel, Windsor Castle), when he was succeeded by his youngest son,

1547–1553 HM Edward VI, King of England and Ireland, styled By the Grace of God, King of England, France and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, and of the Church of England and of Ireland in Earth Supreme Head, crowned at Westminster Abbey, London 20 February 1547, born at Hampton Court Palace 12 October 1537; died unmarried at Greenwich Palace, London 6 July 1553 (buried at Westminster Abbey, London), when he was succeeded by his first cousin once removed,

1553 HM Jane, Queen of England and Ireland, styled By the Grace of God, King of England, France and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, and of the Church of England and of Ireland in Earth Supreme Head, proclaimed at the Tower of London 10 July 1553, deposed 19 July 1553, born at Bradgate, Leicestershire October 1537, married at Durham House, Westminster 21 May 1553 Lord Guildford Dudley (beheaded at Tower Green, London 12 February 1554, buried at Chapel Royal of St Peter ad Vincula, Tower of London), sixth son of Sir John Dudley, 1st Duke of Northumberland, KG and his wife Jane Guildford, and was beheaded without issue at Tower Green, London 12 February 1554 (buried at Chapel Royal of St Peter ad Vincula, Tower of London), when she was succeeded by,

1553–1558 HM Mary I, Queen of England and Ireland, styled By the Grace of God, King of England, France and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, and of the Church of England and of Ireland in Earth Supreme Head until 1554 and then By the Grace of God, King and Queen of England and France, Naples, Jerusalem and Ireland, Defenders of the Faith, Princes of Spain and Sicily, Archdukes of Austria, Dukes of Milan, Burgundy, and Brabant, Count and Countess of Habsburg, Flanders, and Tyrol until 1556 and then By the Grace of God, King and Queen of England, Spain, France, Jerusalem, both the Sicilies and Ireland, Defenders of the Faith, Archduke and Archduchess of Austria, Duke and Duchess of Burgundy, Milan and Brabant, Count and Countess of Habsburg, Flanders and Tyrol, crowned at Westminster Abbey, London 1 October 1553, born at Greenwich Palace, London 18 February 1516, married at Winchester Cathedral 25 July 1554, as his second wife, HM Philip II, King of England and Ireland 1554–1558 jure uxoris, King of Spain 1556–98, King of Naples and Sicily 1554–98 (born at Palacio de Pimentel, Valladolid 21 May 1527; died at El Escorial 13 September 1598, buried at Pantheon of the Kings, Monasterio de San Lorenzo de El Escorial), eldest son of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor 1519–56 and his wife Infanta Isabella of Portugal, and died without issue at St James’s Palace, London 17 November 1558 (buried at Westminster Abbey, London), when she was succeeded by her half-sister,

1558–1603 HM Elizabeth I, Queen of England and Ireland, styled By the Grace of God, Queen of England, France and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, crowned at Westminster Abbey, London 15 January 1559, born at Greenwich Palace, London 7 September 1533; died unmarried at Richmond Palace, London 24 March 1603 (buried at Westminster Abbey, London), when she was succeeded by her first cousin twice removed,

1567–1625 HM James VI, King of Scots 1567–1625, HM James I, King of England, Scotland and Ireland 1603–1625, the first of the House of STUART, styled By the Grace of God, King of England, Scotland, France and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, crowned at Westminster Abbey, London 25 July 1603, born at Edinburgh Castle 19 June 1566, married by proxy at Kronborg Castle, Helsingør, Denmark 20 August 1589 and in person at Old Bishop’s Palace, Oslo, Norway 23 November 1589 (repeated at Kronborg Castle, Helsingør, Denmark 21 January 1590) Princess Anne of Denmark (born at Skanderborg Castle, Jutland, Denmark 12 December 1574; died at Hampton Court Palace 2 March 1619, buried at Westminster Abbey, London), second daughter of Frederick II, King of Denmark and Norway 1559–88 and his wife Princess Sophie of Mecklenburg-Güstrow, and died at Theobalds Palace, Hertfordshire 27 March 1625 (buried at Westminster Abbey, London), when he was succeeded by his second son,

1625–1649 HM Charles I, King of England, Scotland and Ireland, styled By the Grace of God, King of England, Scotland, France and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, crowned at Westminster Abbey, London 2 February 1626, born at Dunfermline Palace, Fife 19 November 1600, married by proxy at Cathédrale Notre Dame, Paris 1 May 1625 and in person at Canterbury Cathedral 11 May 1625 Princess Henrietta Maria of France (born at Palais du Louvre, Paris 25 November 1609; died at Château de Colombes, Colombes, France 10 September 1669, buried at Basilique Saint-Denis), youngest daughter of Henri IV, King of France 1589–1610 and his second wife Princess Marie de’ Medici, and was beheaded at Palace of Whitehall, London 30 January 1649 (buried at St George’s Chapel, Windsor Castle), and was eventually succeeded by his second son,

1660–1685 HM Charles II, King of England, Scotland and Ireland, styled By the Grace of God, King of England, Scotland, France and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, crowned at Westminster Abbey, London 23 April 1661, born at St James’s Palace, London 29 May 1630, married at Portsmouth 21 May 1662 Infanta Catherine Henrietta of Portugal (born at Paço Ducal de Vila Viçosa, Alentejo, Portugal 25 November 1638; died at Palácio da Bemposta, Lisbon, Portugal 31 December 1705, buried at Mosteiro da Santa Maria de Belém, Lisbon), third daughter of João IV, King of Portugal and the Algarves 1640–56 and his wife Dona Luisa Maria Francisca de Guzmán y Sandoval, and died at Palace of Whitehall, London 6 February 1685 (buried at Westminster Abbey, London), when he was succeeded by his younger brother,

1685–1688 HM James II, King of England, Scotland and Ireland, styled By the Grace of God, King of England, Scotland, France and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, crowned at Westminster Abbey, London 23 April 1685, declared by Act of Parliament 2 February 1689 to have abdicated 11 December 1688, born at St James’s Palace, London 14 October 1633, married first at Worcester House, London 3 September 1660 Anne Hyde (born at Cranbourne Lodge, Windsor, Berkshire 12 March 1637; died at St James’s Palace, London 31 March 1671, buried at Westminster Abbey, London), eldest daughter of Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon, Lord Chancellor of England 1658–67 and his second wife Frances Aylesbury. HM James II, King of England, Scotland and Ireland, married second by proxy at Modena 30 September 1673 and in person at Dover 21 November 1673 Maria Beatrice Anna Margherita Isabella d’Este (born at Ducal Palace, Modena 5 October 1658; died at Château de St-Germain-en-Laye, France 7 May 1718, buried at Convent of the Visitations, Chaillot, and reburied at St-Germain-en-Laye), elder daughter of Alfonso IV d’Este, Duke of Modena and Reggio 1658–62 and his wife Laura Martinozzi, and died at Château de St-Germain-en-Laye 16 September 1701, buried at Chapel of Saint Edmund in the Church of the English Benedictines, Paris, and reburied at St-Germain-en-Laye), and was succeeded by his eldest daughter and son-in-law (and nephew),

1689–1694 HM Mary II, Queen of England, Scotland and Ireland, styled By the Grace of God, King and Queen of England, Scotland, France and Ireland, Stadtholder of the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands, Prince of Orange, Count of Nassau, Defenders of the Faith until 1694 and then By the Grace of God, King of England, Scotland, France and Ireland, Stadtholder of the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands, Prince of Orange, Count of Nassau, Defender of the Faith, proclaimed 13 February 1689, crowned at Westminster Abbey, London as joint Sovereigns 11 April 1689, born at St James’s Palace, London 30 April 1662, married at St James’s Palace, London 4 November 1677, her first cousin, HM William III henry, King of England, Scotland and Ireland 1689–1702, Prince of Orange 1650–1702, Stadtholder of Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht, Gelderland and Overijssel 1672–1702 (born posthumously at Binnenhof, The Hague 14 November 1650; died at Kensington Palace, London 8 March 1702, buried at Westminster Abbey, London), only son of Willem II, Prince of Orange and Stadtholder of the United Provinces of the Netherlands 1647–50 and his wife Princess Mary Henrietta of England, The Princess Royal, and died at Kensington Palace, London 28 December 1694, buried at Westminster Abbey, London), when she was succeeded by her husband who was succeeded by his sister-in-law (and first cousin),

1702–1714 HM Anne, Queen of England, Scotland and Ireland 1702–1707, Queen of Great Britain and Ireland 1707–1714, styled By the Grace of God, Queen of England, Scotland, France and Ireland, Defender of the Faith until the Acts of Union 1 May 1707 and then By the Grace of God, Queen of Great Britain, France and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, crowned at Westminster Abbey, London 23 April 1702, born at St James’s Palace, London 6 February 1665, married at Chapel Royal, St James’s Palace, London 28 July 1683, her second cousin once removed, Prince George of Denmark and Norway, Duke of Cumberland, KG (born at Copenhagen Castle, Denmark 2 April 1653; died at Kensington Palace, London 28 October 1708, buried at Westminster Abbey, London), second son of Frederik III, King of Denmark and Norway 1648–70 and his wife Princess Sophie Amalie of Brunswick-Lüneburg, and died at Kensington Palace, London 1 August 1714 (buried at Westminster Abbey, London), when she was succeeded by her second cousin,

1714–1727 HM George I louis, King of Great Britain and Ireland, the first of the House of GUELPH, styled By the Grace of God, King of Great Britain, France and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, Archtreasurer and Prince-Elector of the Holy Roman Empire, Duke of Brunswick-Luneburg, naturalised an English subject 1705, crowned at Westminster Abbey, London 20 October 1714, born at Hanover 28 May 1660, married at Schloss Celle 21 November 1682 (divorced 28 December 1694), his first cousin, Princess Sophia Dorothea of Brunswick-Lüneburg (born at Schloss Celle 3 February 1666; died at Schloss Ahlden 13 November 1726, buried at Schloss Celle), only daughter and heiress of Georg Wilhelm, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg 1648–1705 and his wife Éléonore Marie d’Esmier d’Olbreuse, and died at Schloss Osnabrück 11 June 1727 (buried at Leineschloss, Hanover, and reburied at Herrenhausen, Hanover), when he was succeeded by his only son,

1727–1760 HM George II augustus, King of Great Britain and Ireland, styled By the Grace of God, King of Great Britain, France and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, Archtreasurer and Prince-Elector of the Holy Roman Empire, Duke of Brunswick-Luneburg, naturalised an English subject 1705, crowned at Westminster Abbey, London 11 October 1727, born at Herrenhausen, Hanover 30 October 1683, married at Herrenhausen, Hanover 22 August 1705 Princess Wilhelmina Charlotte Caroline of Brandenburg-Ansbach (born at Ansbach 1 March 1683; died at St James’s Palace, London 20 November 1737, buried at Westminster Abbey, London), only daughter of Johann Friedrich, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach 1667–86 and his second wife Princess Eleonore Erdmuthe Louise of Saxe-Eisenach, and died at Kensington Palace, London 25 October 1760 (buried at Westminster Abbey, London), when he was succeeded by his grandson,

1760–1820 HM George III william frederick, King of Great Britain and Ireland 1760–1801, King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland 1801–1820, styled By the Grace of God, King of Great Britain, France and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, Archtreasurer and Prince-Elector of the Holy Roman Empire, Duke of Brunswick-Luneburg until the Acts  of Union 1 January 1801 and then By the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland King, Defender of the Faith, Archtreasurer and Prince-Elector of the Holy Roman Empire, Duke of Brunswick-Luneburg until 1814 and then By the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland King, Defender of the Faith, King of Hanover, Duke of Brunswick, crowned at Westminster Abbey, London 22 September 1761, born at Norfolk House, London 4 June 1738, married at Chapel Royal, St James’s Palace, London 8 September 1761 HSH Princess Sophia Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (born at Untere Schloss, Mirow 19 May 1744; died at Kew Palace 17 November 1818, buried at St George’s Chapel, Windsor Castle), youngest daughter of HSH Duke Karl Ludwig Friedrich of Mecklenburg-Strelitz and his wife HSH Princess Elisabeth Albertine of Saxe-Hildburghausen, and died at Windsor Castle 29 January 1820 (buried at St George’s Chapel, Windsor Castle), when he was succeeded by his eldest son,

1820–1830 HM George IV augustus frederick, King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, styled By the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland King, Defender of the Faith, King of Hanover, Duke of Brunswick, crowned at Westminster Abbey, London 19 July 1821, born at St James’s Palace, London 12 August 1762, married at St James’s Palace, London 8 April 1795, his first cousin, HSH Princess Caroline Amelia Elizabeth of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (born at Brunswick 17 May 1768; died at Brandenburg House, London 7 August 1821, buried at Brunswick Cathedral), second daughter of HH Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel 1780–1806 and his wife HRH Princess Augusta Frederica of Great Britain and Ireland, and died at Windsor Castle 26 June 1830 (buried at St George’s Chapel, Windsor Castle), when he was succeeded by his younger brother,

1830–1837 HM William IV henry, King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, styled By the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland King, Defender of the Faith, King of Hanover, Duke of Brunswick, crowned at Westminster Abbey, London 8 September 1831, born at Buckingham House, London 21 August 1765, married at Kew Palace, London 11 July 1818 HSH Princess Adelaide Louisa Theresa Caroline Amelia of Saxe-Meiningen (born at Meiningen 13 August 1792; died at Bentley Priory 2 December 1849, buried at St George’s Chapel, Windsor Castle), eldest daughter of HH Georg I Frederick Karl, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen 1782–1803 and his wife HSH Princess Luise Eleonore of Hohenlohe-Langenburg, and died at Windsor Castle 20 June 1837 (buried at St George’s Chapel, Windsor Castle), when he was succeeded by his niece,

1837–1901 HM alexandrina Victoria, Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland 1837–1901, Empress of India 1877–1901, styled By the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Queen, Defender of the Faith until 1877 and then By the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Queen, Defender of the Faith, Empress of India, crowned at Westminster Abbey, London 28 June 1838, proclaimed Empress of India at Delhi 1 January 1877, born at Kensington Palace, London 24 May 1819, married at Chapel Royal, St James’s Palace, London 10 February 1840 HH Prince Francis Albert Augustus Charles Emmanuel of Saxe Coburg and Gotha, Duke of Saxony, granted the style His Royal Highness 6 February 1840, created Prince Consort by Letters Patent 25 June 1857, KG, KT, KP, PC, GCSI, GCMG (born at Schloss Rosenau, Coburg 26 August 1819; died at Windsor Castle 14 December 1861, buried at Royal Mausoleum, Frogmore, Windsor), younger son of HH Ernst I Anton Karl Ludwig, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha 1826–44, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld 1806–26 and his first wife HH Princess Dorothea Luise Pauline Charlotte Friederike Auguste of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg, and died at Osborne House, Isle of Wight 22 January 1901 (buried at Royal Mausoleum, Frogmore, Windsor), when she was succeeded by her eldest son,

1901–1910 HM albert Edward VII, King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Emperor of India, the first of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, styled By the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and of the British Dominions beyond the Seas King, Defender of the Faith, Emperor of India, crowned at Westminster Abbey, London 9 August 1902, born at Buckingham Palace, London 9 November 1841, married at St George’s Chapel, Windsor Castle 10 March 1863 HRH Princess Alexandra Caroline Marie Charlotte Louise Julie of Denmark, KG (born at Yellow Palace, Copenhagen 1 December 1844; died at Sandringham House, Norfolk 20 November 1925, buried at St George’s Chapel, Windsor Castle), eldest daughter of HM Christian IX, King of Denmark 1863–1906 and his wife HH Princess Luise Wilhelmine Friederike Caroline Auguste Julie of Hesse-Cassel, and died at Buckingham Palace, London 6 May 1910 (buried at St George’s Chapel, Windsor Castle), when he was succeeded by his second son,

1910–1936 HM George V frederick ernest albert, King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Emperor of India, the first of the House of WINDSOR, styled By The Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and of the British Dominions beyond the Seas King, Defender of the Faith, Emperor of India until 1927 and then By the Grace of God, of Great Britain, Ireland and the British Dominions beyond the Seas King, Defender of the Faith, Emperor of India, crowned at Westminster Abbey, London 22 June 1911, born at Marlborough House, London 3 June 1865, married at Chapel Royal, St James’s Palace, London 6 July 1893 HSH Princess Victoria Mary Augusta Louise Olga Pauline Claudine Agnes of Teck (born at Kensington Palace, London 26 May 1867; died at Marlborough House, London 24 March 1953, buried at St George’s Chapel, Windsor Castle), only daughter of HH Francis Paul Charles Louis Alexander, 1st Prince and Duke of Teck, GCB, GCVO and his wife HRH Princess Mary Adelaide Wilhelmina Elizabeth of Cambridge, CI, RRC, and died at Sandringham House, Norfolk 20 January 1936 (buried at St George’s Chapel, Windsor Castle), when he was succeeded by his eldest son,

1936 HM Edward VIII albert christian george andrew patrick david, King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Emperor of India, styled By the Grace of God, of Great Britain, Ireland and the British Dominions beyond the Seas King, Defender of the Faith, Emperor of India, renounced the throne for himself and his descendants 10 December 1936, confirmed by the Declaration of Abdication Act 11 December 1936, created Duke of Windsor by Letters Patent 8 March 1937, KG, KT, KP, GCB, GCSI, GCMG, GCIE, GCVO, GBE, ISO, RVO, MC, FRS, PC, born at White Lodge, Richmond Park, London 23 June 1894, married at Château de Candé, Monts, France 3 June 1937 Wallis Warfield (born at Blue Ridge Summit, Pennsylvania, USA 19 June 1896; died without issue at Bois de Boulogne, Paris 24 April 1986, buried at Royal Burial Ground, Frogmore, Windsor), formerly wife of (1) Earl Winfield Spencer Jr, and of (2) Captain Ernest Aldrich Simpson, and only child of Teackle Wallis Warfield, of Baltimore, Maryland, USA and his wife Alice Montague, and died without issue at Bois de Boulogne, Paris 28 May 1972 (buried at Royal Burial Ground, Frogmore, Windsor), having been succeeded on his abdication by his younger brother,

1936–1952 HM ALBERT FREDERICK ARTHUR GEORGE VI, KING OF THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND 1936–1952, EMPEROR OF INDIA 1936–1948, styled By the Grace of God, of Great Britain, Ireland and the British Dominions beyond the Seas King, Defender of the Faith, Emperor of India until 1948 and then By the Grace of God, of Great Britain, Ireland and the British Dominions beyond the Seas King, Defender of the Faith, crowned at Westminster Abbey, London 12 May 1937, born at York Cottage, Sandringham, Norfolk 14 December 1895, married at Westminster Abbey, London 26 April 1923 Lady Elizabeth Angela Marguerite BOWES-LYON (born at St Paul’s Walden Bury, Hertfordshire 4 August 1900; died at Royal Lodge, Windsor, Berkshire 30 March 2002, buried at St George’s Chapel, Windsor Castle), youngest daughter of Claude George BOWES-LYON, 14th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne, KG, KT, GCVO, TD and his wife Cecilia Nina CAVENDISH-BENTINCK, GCVO, DStJ, and died at Sandringham House, Norfolk 6 February 1952 (buried at St George’s Chapel, Windsor Castle), when he was succeeded by his elder daughter,

1952–2022 HM ELIZABETH II ALEXANDRA MARY, QUEEN OF THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND, styled By the Grace of God, of Great Britain, Ireland and the British Dominions beyond the Seas Queen, Defender of the Faith until 1953 and then By the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of Her Other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith, crowned at Westminster Abbey, London 2 June 1953, born at London 21 April 1926, married at Westminster Abbey, London 20 November 1947 HRH The Prince Philip, Duke OF EDINBURGH, KG, KT, OM, GBE, ONZ, QSO, AC, PC (born at Mon Repos, Corfu, Greece 10 June 1921; died at Windsor Castle 9 April 2021, buried at St George’s Chapel, Windsor Castle), only son of HRH Prince Andrew OF GREECE AND DENMARK, GCVO and his wife HSH Princess Victoria Alice Elizabeth Julia Marie OF BATTENBERG, RRC, and died at Balmoral Castle, Aberdeenshire (after the longest reign in British and Commonwealth history) 8 September 2022 (buried at St George’s Chapel, Windsor Castle), when she was succeeded by her eldest son (see above).